Most high-rise structures and other large commercial developments are often designed with deep basements. Since the entire load of the superstructure is transferred to the sub-structure, this becomes the most critical part of the whole structure and needs to be in good condition, durable and sustainable in the long run. Normally, substructures are often subjected to

• High level of water pressure

• Aggressive soil contaminants and gases

• Unequal static forces due to settlements or uplift

• Dynamic forces due to earthquakes and other structural movements

Hydrostatic pressure forces water into the building through cracks, joints and any porous substrates, causing possible major structural damage and is likely to contribute to mold, corrosion and other moisture-related problems.